The Cleanest Race - B. R. Myers [65]
19. See, for example, Han Sŏrya’s short story “Kaeson” (1948).
20. See for example the cartoon “Wihŏmhan pul changnan,” on page 59 of Ch’ ŏllima, June 1998, or the illustrations of the American missionary in the short story Jackals (Sŏngnyangi), in Adong munhak, August 2003, 48.
21. In My Happiness (Na ǔi haengbok, 1988), a KPA soldier shouts these words before blowing up herself and a South Korean gunship. “Suryŏngnim, ap’ e nŭn ch’oichŏnsŏn imnida” in Chosǒn yesul, July 1982, 18.
22. “Suryŏngnim, ap’ e nŭn ch’oichŏnsŏn imnida” in Chosǒn yesul, July 1982, 18.
23. “Lots of Literary Works Praising Kim Jong Il Created,” KCNA, August 23, 2007.
24. See Pukhan misul ǔi 50 nyŏn, 7 and 124.
25. Kang Ch’ǒr-wŏn, “3-dae rŭl io angyŏ chusin sarang kwa ŭnjŏng,” 181.
26. See the painting, “Kwan’gae kongsajang ǔl hyŏnji jido hayo chusinŭn Kim Il-sǒng tongji,” in Chosŏn yesul, March 1982, front matter.
27. So Kwang-sŏn, “Yŏnp’ung chunghakkyo e saegyŏjin sarang ǔi chǒnsol,” 159.
28. Chosŏn taebaekkwa sajŏn, 26:353.
29. For a recent example, see “Ch’ǒngnyon i kŏrŏon sŭngni wa yŏnggwang ǔi 50-nyŏn,” Rodong sinmun, May 25, 2005.
30. “Saram ǔi maŭm ǔl umjigil chul anŭn il’ggun i toeŏya,” 454.
31. Kim Il-sǒng wŏnsunim un uri ǔi abŏji, 110, 139, 160, 216, 223, etc.
32. Ibid., 21, 24-25.
33. Sin Chŏn, “Ch’oso e suryŏngnim i osyŏssne,” lyrics on www1.big.or.jp/~jrldr/korea/c30.html.
34. Kim Ch’ǒl-jin, O Kwang-ho, “Namjin e kil esǒ pyŏngsadŭl ǔi haenggun ǔl tolpwa chusinŭn Kim Il-sǒng wŏnsunim,”; Kim In-hwan, Chŏng Yŏng-man, Ch’oi Sŏng-nyong, “P’yŏngyang wiwŏnhoe rŭl ch’aja chusin ŏbŏi suryŏngnim Kim Il-sǒng tongji.”
35. Chŏng Kyu-t’aek, “Han chǒnsa ǔi kŏn’gang ǔl nyŏmnyŏ hasiyŏ.”
36. “Odi e kyesimnikka, kŭriun changgunnim?”
37. Kim Il-sǒng wŏnsunim un uri ǔi abŏji, 46.
38. Ibid., 273, 274, 275.
39. See the painting “Samjiyŏn ǔi saebyŏk kil,” Chosŏn yesul, April 1982, 18.
40. See the picture on page 472 of Pulmyŏl ǔi yŏngsang, Pyongyang, 1992.
41. “Sarang ǔi yaksok,” Ch’ǒllima, January 2005, 30.
42. Yŏngsaeng, 58.
43. The film: Ch’inaehanŭn chidoja Kim Jŏng-il tongji ǔi t’ansaeng 50 tol, 1992.
44. Hirohito, 27, 90, 195. T’aeyang sungbae ǔi yŏngwŏnhan hwap’ŏk, 11. A famous song in the North is entitled, “Long Live the Great Marshal Kim Il Sung” (Kim Il-sǒng taewŏnsu manmanse). See “Kim Jŏng-il ch’ongbiso inmin’gun hyŏpchudan konghun hapch’angdan ǔi kyŏngch’uk kongyŏn kwallam,” Korean Central News Agency, July 28, 1998. For recent use of the word pattŭlda, see “Ilsim tangyŏl ǔi wiryŏk ǔl him igge kwasihan taechŏngch’i ch’ukchŏn,” Rodong sinmun, October 19, 2005.
45. See for example, Armstrong, The North Korean Revolution, 222-223.
46. The Denial of Death, 224-225.
47. Think No Evil, 65.
Chapter Four
1. See the pictures “Chosŏn ǔi kŭngji” (1980) by Pak Chinsu et al, Pukhan misul ǔi 50-nyŏn, 89; “Samjiyŏn ǔi saebyŏk kil,” Chosŏn yesul, April 1982, 18; “Na ǔi chǒnsadul i kidarigo isso,” Chosŏn yesul, September 2005, front matter.
2. Summarized from the official encyclopaedia entry on Kim Jong Il in Chosŏn taebaekkwa sajŏn, 1:18-29; Choe In Su, Kim Jong Il, the People’s Leader; Kim Jŏng-il wŏnsunim hyŏngmyŏng ryŏksa: Kodŭng chunghakkyo: 4, Pyongyang, 1999; “Brief History of Kim Jong Il,” Korean Central News Agency, February 16, 2002.
3. Choe, Kim Jong Il, the People’s Leader, 4.
4. Ibid., 50.
5. From a teacher’s notes excerpted in the official biography: “Kim Jong Il does not want and even detests special favors.” Ibid., 86.
6. Yŏngsaeng, 328-9.
7. The novel Yongsaeng shows Kim fretting constantly over his father’s health.
8. Kim Kyu-hak, “Pulmyŏl ǔi chaguk ǔl chajŭsiŏ” (1982), Pukhan misul ui 50-nyon, 92.
9. Kang Kwan-ju, “Kim Jŏng-il tongji-rŭl chal pattŭrŏ nagaya hamnida,” 12, 13, 10.
10. Ibid., 11-12.
11. See also “Chŏlse ǔi wiin ǔl ttarŭnŭn manmin ǔi hŭmmo,” Ch’ǒllima, August 2004, 34.
12. Pak Il-myŏng, “Chŏnhwan,” Chosŏn munhak, June 1999, 5-16.
13. Ibid., 5.
14. Ibid., 6.
15. Ibid., 6.
16. Ibid., 7.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid., 8.
19. Ibid.
20. Ch’ǒnhwan, 9.
21. See for example the television