The Fiery Trial_ Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery - Eric Foner [232]
77. Philip S. Foner and George E. Walker, eds., Proceedings of Black State Conventions, 1840–1865 (2 vols.; Philadelphia, 1979), 1: 335; Weekly Anglo-African, May 19 and 26, 1860, and February 23, 1861; Douglass’ Monthly, 1 (February 1859), 19, and 5 (October 1862), 724–25.
78. African Repository and Colonial Journal, 24 (May 1848), 158; African Repository, 26 (April 1850), 113–15; Charles N. Zucker, “The Free Negro Question: Race Relations in Antebellum Illinois, 1801–1860” (unpub. diss., Northwestern University, 1972), 206.
79. Foner and Walker, Proceedings of Black State Conventions, 2: 60–64; Reed, Black Chicago’s First Century, 1: 106; Hart, “Springfield’s African-Americans,” 53; Chicago Press and Tribune, August 16, 1858.
80. Dwight L. Dumond, ed., Southern Editorials on Secession (New York, 1931), 230–31; The Address and Reply on the Presentation of a Testimonial to S. P. Chase, by the Colored People of Cincinnati (Cincinnati, 1845), 4–5; William C. Smedes to Henry J. Raymond, December 8, 1860, in Raymond to Lincoln, December 14, 1860, ALP; CW, 4: 156.
81. James M. McPherson, ed., The Negro’s Civil War (New York, 1965), 272–73.
5 “The Only Substantial Difference”
1. Schuyler Colfax to Abraham Lincoln, July 14, 1859, ALP; CW, 3: 391.
2. Diary of George White, October 7, 1860, Special Collections, Harvard Law Library. I am grateful to my colleague Elizabeth Blackmar for bringing this diary to my attention. White himself did not seem to have fixed principles. A Free Soiler in 1848, he voted for James Buchanan in 1856 and voted “unwillingly” for Lincoln in 1860.
3. CW, 3: 390–91.
4. CW, 3: 380, 383; E. L. Pierce to Charles Sumner, May 31, 1859, Charles Sumner Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard University; Eric Foner, Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War (New York, 1970), 251–52.
5. CW, 3: 351, 403, 504.
6. New York Times, March 9, 1857; Boston Atlas and Daily Bee, June 26, 1858; David Donald, Charles Sumner and the Coming of the Civil War (New York, 1961), 232; George Hoadley to Salmon P. Chase, April 9, 1859, Salmon P. Chase Papers, LC. Edward McPherson lists the northern personal liberty laws as of December 1860 in his book The Political History of the United States during the Great Rebellion (2nd ed.; Washington, D.C., 1865), 45–47.
7. Foner, Free Soil, 135; Salmon P. Chase to Lincoln, June 13, 1859, ALP; Vroman Mason, “The Fugitive Slave Law in Wisconsin, with Reference to Nullification Sentiment,” Proceedings of the Wisconsin State Historical Society, 43 (1895), 122–44.
8. Timothy O. Howe to George Rublee, April 3, 1859, Timothy O. Howe Papers, State Historical Society of Wisconsin; Cincinnati Gazette, November 17, 1859; CW, 3: 317, 384, 394–95, 460.
9. CW, 3: 379, 486–87; Philadelphia North American and United States Gazette, October 22, 1857, and August 14, 1858; Joseph H. Barrett to Salmon P. Chase, November 30, 1858, Salmon P. Chase Papers, LC; Charles Francis Adams to Charles Sumner, August 1, 1858, Letterbooks, Adams Family Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society; Lincoln to Thomas Corwin, October 9, 1859 (available online in New Document Discoveries section, website of Papers of Abraham Lincoln); Harold Holzer, “Lincoln Heard and Seen,” American Heritage, 56 (February–March 2005), 16.
10. William C. Harris, Lincoln’s Rise to the Presidency (Lawrence, Kans., 2007), 158; CW, 3: 377, 491, 505. Gary Ecelbarger claims that Lincoln pursued the nomination throughout 1859 but “hid his cards.” Gary Ecelbarger, The Great Comeback: How Abraham Lincoln Beat the Odds to Win the 1860 Republican Nomination (New York, 2008).
11. New York Tribune, February 28, 1860; Michael T. Gilmore, “A Plot against America: Free Speech and the American Renaissance,” Raritan, 26 (Fall 2006), 91–96. Harold Holzer gives the fullest account of the speech and the circumstances of its delivery in his book Lincoln at Cooper Union (New York, 2004).
12. CW, 3: