• Choose a category
• All
• Classic-Fiction

13. Ecelbarger, Great Comeback, 147–53; New York Herald, February 29, 1860; New York Tribune, February 28, 1860; CW, 4: 17–19, 28–29.

14. Harper’s Weekly, May 26, 1860; John Wentworth to Lincoln, February 7, 1860, ALP; John Bigelow to William Cullen Bryant, March 20, 1860, John Bigelow Papers, New York Public Library; Foner, Free Soil, 211, 234–36; Cincinnati Gazette, May 5, 1860; New York Times, August 28, 1860.

15. Foner, Free Soil, 211–13; Chicago Press and Tribune, February 27 and May 11, 1860; CW, 4: 36.

16. John Farnsworth to Elihu B. Washburne, May 18, 1860, Elihu B. Washburne Papers, LC; Chicago Press and Tribune, February 16, 1860; New York Tribune, July 12, 1858; Harper’s Weekly, May 12, 1860; Lyman Trumbull to Lincoln, April 24, 1860; Mark W. Delahay to Lincoln, March 26, 1860, both in ALP.

17. George Ashmun to Henry Wilson, April 22, 1860, Henry Wilson Papers, LC; Chicago Press and Tribune, May 15, 1860; Harold Holzer, Lincoln President-Elect: Abraham Lincoln and the Great Secession Winter, 1860–1861 (New York, 2008), 25; Hannibal Hamlin to Ellen Hamlin, May 20, 1860, Hannibal Hamlin Papers, University of Maine.

18. Proceedings of the First Three Republican National Conventions (Minneapolis, 1893), 111–19, 131–35; Carl Schurz, The Reminiscences of Carl Schurz (3 vols.; New York, 1907–8), 2: 180; Lyman Trumbull to Lincoln, May 22, 1860; Schuyler Colfax to Lincoln, May 18 and 26, 1860; Francis P. Blair to Lincoln, May 26, 1860, all in ALP; Howard K. Beale, ed., The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866 (Washington, D.C., 1933), 128–29; Boston Atlas and Daily Bee, May 23, 1860; Wisconsin State Journal, May 8, 1860; George Dennison to Benjamin F. Wade, March 12, 1860, Benjamin F. Wade Papers, LC.

19. New York Times, May 13, 1860; Don E. Fehrenbacher, Prelude to Greatness: Lincoln in the 1850s (Stanford, 1962), 156n.; Richard Carwardine, Lincoln (London, 2003), 115; Liberator, July 13, 1860.

20. George W. Julian, The Life of Joshua R. Giddings (Chicago, 1892), 379–83; Speech of the Hon. Thomas Ewing at Chillicothe, Ohio (Cincinnati, 1860), 10–11; New York Times, August 31, 1860; Richard W. Thompson to Lincoln, June 12, 1860, ALP; James F. Babcock to Mark Howard, August 4, 1860, Mark Howard Papers, Connecticut Historical Society; New York Tribune, July 9, 1860; Independent, May 24, 1860; George W. Julian to Joshua Giddings, May 21, 1860, Giddings-Julian Papers, LC.

21. Liberator, July 13, 1860; C. Peter Ripley et al., eds., The Black Abolitionist Papers (5 vols.; Chapel Hill, 1985–93), 5: 91; Milton Meltzer and Patricia G. Holland, eds., Lydia Maria Child: Selected Letters, 1817–1880 (Amherst, Mass., 1982), 352; Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life (2 vols.; Baltimore, 2008), 1: 636–38; Douglass’ Monthly, 3 (June 1860), 276, and (September 1860), 329.

22. Nicholas B. Wainwright, ed., A Philadelphia Perspective: The Diary of Sidney George Fisher Covering the Years 1834–1871 (Philadelphia, 1967), 353; Lyman Trumbull to Lincoln, June 28, 1860, ALP.

23. Wainwright, Philadelphia Perspective, 361; CG, 36th Congress, 1st Session, 1913; Springfield Republican, October 20, 1860; Wisconsin State Journal, August 20, 1860; Richmond Enquirer, July 10, 1860.

24. Walter Dean Burnham, Presidential Ballots, 1836–1892 (Baltimore, 1955), 79–80; Springfield Republican, November 3, 1860; Salmon P. Chase to E. L. Pierce, November 7, 1860, Charles Sumner Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard University; Robert S. Harper, Lincoln and the Press (New York, 1951), 67–68; Dwight Dumond, ed., Southern Editorials on Secession (New York, 1931), 112.

25. Russell McClintock, Lincoln and the Decision for War: The Northern Response to Secession (Chapel Hill, 2008), 132; Alfred Babcock to Lincoln, December 7, 1860, Lincoln Collection, ALPLM; William Salter, The Life of James W. Grimes (New York, 1876), 132. The papers of Republican leaders are filled with letters from constituents opposing compromise with the South.

26. Foner, Free Soil, 180; George G. Fogg to William Butler, December 28, 1860, William Butler Papers,