The Fiery Trial_ Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery - Eric Foner [239]
38. BD, 1: 512; Joshua F. Speed to Lincoln, September 3, 1861, ALP.
39. Reed, “Lincoln’s Compensated Emancipation Plan,” 38–55; New York Tribune, February 11, 1862; Peninsular News and Advertiser (Milford, Del.), January 31 and February 14, 1862; Essah, House Divided, 167–69; Williams, Slavery and Freedom, 175.
40. Albert Mordell, ed., Lincoln’s Administration: Selected Essays by Gideon Welles (New York, 1960), 234, 250; WD, 1: 150; Charles A. Barker, ed., Memoirs of Elisha Oscar Crosby (San Marino, 1945), 76–90; Ambrose W. Thompson to Lincoln, April 11, 1861, ALP. The majority of Lincoln scholars have found it difficult to take seriously Lincoln’s embrace of colonization; they either ignore the subject or simply deny that Lincoln actually meant what he said. For a discussion of the place of colonization in his career, see Eric Foner, “Lincoln and Colonization,” in Eric Foner, ed., Our Lincoln: New Perspectives on Lincoln and His World (New York, 2008), 135–66.
41. Chicago Tribune, June 5, 1861; Private and Official Correspondence, 1: 130; BD, 1: 478; Thomas Schoonover, “Misconstrued Mission: Expansionism and Black Colonization in Mexico and Central America during the Civil War,” Pacific Historical Review, 49 (November 1980), 611–12.
42. Mordell, Lincoln’s Administration, 102–3; Ninian W. Edwards to Lincoln, August 9, 1861; Francis P. Blair Sr. to Lincoln, November 16, 1861, both in ALP; CW, 4: 547, 561; Roy F. Basler, ed., The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln: First Supplement, 1832–1865 (New Brunswick, N.J., 1974), 112; WD, 1: 150.
43. CW, 5: 39, 48; G. S. Boritt, “The Voyage to the Colony of Lincolnia: The Sixteenth President, Black Colonization, and the Defense Mechanism of Avoidance,” Historian, 37 (August 1975), 619; Alfred N. Hunt, Haiti’s Influence on Antebellum America (Baton Rouge, 1988), 186; New York Herald, December 4, 1861.
44. New York Times, December 4, 5, and 7, 1861; Philadelphia North American and United States Gazette, December 21, 1861; African Repository, 37 (December 1861), 12.
45. John J. Crittenden to Lincoln, November 26, 1861, ALP; CW, 5: 48–50; Chicago Tribune, December 9, 1861.
46. New York Times, December 4 and 5, 1861; Blaine, Twenty Years, 1: 352–53; Merrill, Letters of William Lloyd Garrison, 5: 47, 53; S. York to Lyman Trumbull, December 5, 1861; John H. Bryant to Trumbull, December 8, 1861, both in LTP.
47. C. H. Ray to Trumbull, December 6, 1861, LTP; Mary F. Berry, Military Necessity and Civil Rights Policy (Port Washington, N.Y., 1977), 29–30, 37; Levin Tilmon to Lincoln, April 8, 1861, ALP; Hahn, Political Worlds, 70.
48. Symonds, Lincoln and His Admirals, 165–66; OR, 2 ser., 1: 773; Arnold, History of Abraham Lincoln, 236; Chicago Tribune, December 7 and 9, 1861.
49. William B. Parker, The Life and Public Services of Justin Smith Morrill (Boston, 1924), 127; New York Times, December 4, 1861.
50. Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln’s Journalist: John Hay’s Anonymous Writings for the Press, 1860–1864 (Carbondale, Ill., 1998), 176; McPherson, Struggle for Equality, 93; Allen T. Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time (New York, 1888), 60; Washington Star, January 4, 1862; James A. Cravens to Lincoln, January 5, 1862, ALP; Brownson, Works of Orestes A. Brownson, 17: 261.
51. Freidel, Union Pamphlets, 1: 295; James B. Stewart, Wendell Phillips: Liberty’s Hero (Baton Rouge, 1986), 227–38; Burlingame, Lincoln’s Journalist, 233–35; Wendell Phillips, Speeches, Lectures, and Letters (Boston, 1863), 419; McPherson, Struggle for Equality, 83–85.
52. Harper’s Weekly, April 20, 1861; CG, 37th Congress, 2nd Session, 1266, 3132; William G. Sewell, The Ordeal of Free Labor in the British West Indies (New York, 1861), 324; Chicago Tribune, August 11, 1862; Sarah F. Hughes, ed., Letters and Recollections of John