The Fiery Trial_ Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery - Eric Foner [257]
66. John Cochrane to Lincoln, January 28, 1865, ALP; Foner, Reconstruction, 62.
67. Foner, Reconstruction, 62–65; Jean-Charles Houzeau, My Passage at the New Orleans “Tribune”: A Memoir of the Civil War Era, ed. David C. Rankin, trans. Gerard F. Denault (Baton Rouge, 1984), 2–5, 19–23; New Orleans Tribune, February 23, 1865.
68. CW, 8: 106–7, 148–49; Washington Daily Morning Chronicle, February 6, 1865.
69. Palmer, Selected Letters of Charles Sumner, 2: 258; Donald, Charles Sumner, 196.
70. Belz, Reconstructing the Union, 251–54; William C. Harris, With Charity for All: Lincoln and the Restoration of the Union (Lexington, Ky., 1997), 235; Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 2: 777; CG, 38th Congress, 2nd Session, 967–68, 1002.
71. Harris, With Charity for All, 237–44; CG, 38th Congress, 2nd Session, 582; The Works of Charles Sumner (15 vols.; Boston, 1870–83), 9: 322; Springfield Weekly Republican, April 8, 1865; CW, 8: 337.
72. Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 2: 773–75; Palmer, Selected Letters of Charles Sumner, 2: 273, 279.
73. McPherson, Struggle for Equality, 287–95; Liberator, November 11, 1864, January 13 and February 3 and 10, 1865; National Anti-Slavery Standard, May 20, 1865.
74. “Colloquy with Colored Ministers,” Journal of Negro History, 16 (January 1931), 88–94; CP, 5: 6–7.
75. Foner, Reconstruction, 71.
76. John C. Robinson to Lincoln, February 1, 1865, ALP; John Eaton, Grant, Lincoln and the Freedmen (New York, 1907), 231; CW, 8: 325.
77. Foner, Reconstruction, 69–70, 159; Celia E. Naylor, African Cherokees in Indian Territory: From Chattel to Citizens (Chapel Hill, 2008), 222–23.
78. Nicholas B. Wainwright, ed., A Philadelphia Perspective: The Diary of Sidney George Fisher Covering the Years 1834–1871 (Philadelphia, 1967), 499.
EPILOGUE “Every Drop of Blood”
1. Benjamin Quarles, Lincoln and the Negro (New York, 1962), 233–35; Gabor S. Boritt, The Gettysburg Gospel: The Lincoln Speech That Nobody Knows (New York, 2006), 121; Isaac N. Arnold, The History of Abraham Lincoln and the Overthrow of Slavery (Chicago, 1866), 628.
2. Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877 (New York, 1988), 71–72.
3. CW, 8: 332–33.
4. Thomas A. Bayard to Samuel L. M. Barlow, March 12, 1865, Samuel L. M. Barlow Papers, HL.
5. CW, 8: 282, 332–33.
6. Benjamin Barondess, Three Lincoln Masterpieces (Charleston, W. Va., 1954), 84; Philip S. Foner, ed., The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass (5 vols.; New York, 1950–75), 2: 190; Chicago Tribune, March 6, 1865, quoting its editorial of August 12, 1862.
7. CW, 8: 333; Mark Neely Jr., “The Constitution and Civil Liberties under Lincoln,” in Eric Foner, ed., Our Lincoln: New Perspectives on Lincoln and His World (New York, 2008), 54–57; CW, 8: 217, 308, 319–20; Beverly W. Palmer, ed., The Selected Letters of Charles Sumner (2 vols.; Boston, 1990), 2: 281.
8. William C. Harris, Lincoln’s Last Months (Cambridge, Mass., 2004), 142; Barondess, Three Lincoln Masterpieces, 68; Ronald C. White, Lincoln’s Greatest Speech: The Second Inaugural (New York, 2002), 116–19; Nicholas Parillo, “Lincoln’s Calvinist Transformation: Emancipation and War,” CWH, 46 (September 2004), 227–54; Gary S. Smith, Faith and the Presidency: From George Washington to George W. Bush (New York, 2006), 91–99; CW, 5: 403–4.
9. CW, 4: 482; 6: 155–56, 332, 497, 535–36; 7: 533; 8: 55; Lucas E. Morel, Lincoln’s Sacred Effort: Defining Religion’s Role in American Self-Government (Lanham, Md., 2000); Richard Carwardine, “Lincoln’s Religion,” in Foner, ed., Our Lincoln, 223–48; Mark A. Noll, “‘Both…Pray to the Same God’: The Singularity of Lincoln’s Faith in the Era of the Civil War,” JALA, 18 (Winter 1997), 1–26.
10. Frederick Douglass’s Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (Hartford, 1882), 444–45, presents Douglass’s later recollection of his meeting with Lincoln after the speech. Henry Clay Warmoth, an army officer from Illinois and later