The Indian Ocean - Michael Pearson [229]
25 Shireen Moosvi, 'The Gujarat Ports and their Hinterland', in Indu Banga, ed., Ports and their Hinterlands, pp. 121–9.
26 Gillian Tindall, City of Gold: The Biography of Bombay, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1992, pp. 24–8.
27 Maria Graham, Journal of a Residence in India, Edinburgh, A. Constable, 1812, pp. 123–4.
28 Lady Isabel Burton, A.E.I. Arabia, Egypt, India: A Narrative of Travel, London, W. Mullan and Son, 1879, pp. 298, 379–81.
29 Burton, A.E.I., pp. 69, 73.
30 Tim Winton, Land's Edge, Sydney, Macmillan, 1993, p. 23.
31 Lena Lencek and Gideon Bosker, The Beach: The History of Paradise on Earth, New York, Viking, 1998, pp. xx, xvii-iii.
32 W.J. Dakin, Australia's Seashores, new ed. by Isobel Bennett, Sydney, Angus & Robertson, 1987, preface, n.p., and p. 4.
33 Emily Eden, Up the Country, London, Curzon Press, 1978, p. 3.
34 Greg Dening, Islands and Beaches, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1988, p. 34.
35 J.C. Heesterman, 'Littoral et Intérieur de l'Inde,' Itinerario 1, 1980, p. 89.
36 Braudel, The Mediterranean, p. 17. See also David Sopher, The Sea Nomads, Singapore, Printed by Lim Bian Han, Government printer, 1965, p. 1 for a classic discussion of the strand.
37 John Middleton, The World of the Swahili, An African Mercantile Civilisation, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1992, p. 9.
38 Randall L. Pouwels, Horn and Crescent: Cultural Change and Traditional Islam on the East African Coast, 800–1900, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1987, p. 31. See also Mark Horton and John Middleton, The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Society, Oxford, Blackwells, 2000, pp. 5–8 (pp. 6–7 is a map).
39 Cousteau, Life and Death, pp. 56–7.
40 Jan Knappert, 'East Africa and the Indian Ocean', in J.C. Stone, ed., Africa and the Sea: Proceedings of a Colloquium at the University of Aberdeen, March, 1984, Aberdeen, University of Aberdeen, 1985, p. 125.
41 G.S.P. Freeman-Grenville, 'The Sidi and Swahili', in his The Swahili Coast, 2nd to 19th centuries: Islam, Christianity, and Commerce in Eastern Africa, London, Variorum, 1988, no. XVII.
42 Dr John Fryer, A New Account of East India and Persia, London, Hakluyt, 1909–15, 3 vols, I, p. 197.
43 Quoted by the editor, William Crooke, in Fryer, ibid.; Maria Graham, Journal, p. 35.
44 Lotika Varadarajan, 'Traditions of Indigenous Navigation in Gujarat', South Asia, n.s. III, 1, 1980, pp. 28–35.
45 A. Jan Qaisar, 'From Port to Port: Life on Indian Ships in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries', in Ashin Das Gupta and M.N. Pearson, eds, India and the Indian Ocean, 1500–1800, Calcutta, Oxford University Press, 1987, pp. 334–5.
46 J.H. van Linschoten, The Voyage of John Huyghen van Linschoten to the East Indies, Hakluyt, London, 1885, 2 vols, I, pp. 227–8.
47 Claudio Magris, Microcosms, London, Harvill Press, 1999, p. 57.
48 Dakin, Australia's Seashores, p. 6. See especially the excellent discussion in Donald K. Emmerson, 'The Case for a Maritime Perspective on Southeast Asia', Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, XI, l, March 1980, pp. 143–4.
49 Moira Tampoe, Maritime Trade between China and the West: An Archaeological Study of the Ceramics from Siraf (Persian Gulf), 8th to 15th Centuries AD, Oxford, B.A.R., 1989, p. 124.
50 Wilfred Thesiger, The Marsh Arabs, London, Longmans, 1964, p. 51.
51 Ibid., p. 28.
52 Thor Heyerdahl, The Tigris Expedition: In Search of our Beginnings, Garden City, Doubleday, 1981, p. 15.
53 Thesiger, Marsh Arabs, p. 107.
54 Ibid., p. 1.
55 Gavin Young, Return to the Marshes: Life with the Marsh Arabs of Iraq, London, Collins, 1977, pp. 189–221.
56 Alexander Frater, Chasing the Monsoon, Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1991, p. 75, and personal observation in December 1999.
57 Quoted in R.J. Barendse, The Arabian Seas, 1640–1700, Leiden, Research School, CNWS, Leiden University, 199, p. 56.
58 George Windsor Earl, The Eastern Seas,