The Indian Ocean - Michael Pearson [230]
59 Braudel, The Mediterranean, p. 1104.
60 George F. Hourani, revised and expanded by John Carswell, Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Medieval Times, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1951, 1995, pp. 54–5.
61 Quoted in William F. Buckley Jr's review of Peter Neill, ed., American Sea Writing, in New York Times Book Review, 12 March 2000, p. 27.
62 A much-quoted statement. It can be found, inter alia, in Philip Edwards, The Story of the Voyage: Sea Narratives in Eighteenth-Century England, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994, p. 13.
63 Joseph Conrad, Typhoon, and other Tales, New York, New American Library, 1963, p. 219.
64 Braudel, The Mediterranean, p. 1241.
3 The beginning of the ocean
1 Quoted in Thor Heyerdahl, The Tigris Expedition: In Search of our Beginnings, Garden City, Doubleday, 1981, p. 122.
2 A.L. Basham, The Wonder that was India, New York, Grove Press, 1954, pp. 241, 302, 319.
3 Savitri Chandra, 'Sea and Seafaring as Reflected in Hindi Literary Works during the 15th to 18th Centuries', in K.S. Mathew, ed., Studies in Maritime History, Pondicherry, Pondicherry University, 1990, pp. 84–91.
4 Neil Philip, The Illustrated Book of Myths, Tales and Legends of the World, London, Dorling Kindersley, 1995, pp. 108–9.
5 See Moti Lal Bhargava, Indian Ocean Strategies through the Ages, with Rare and Antique Maps, New Delhi, Reliance Publishing House, 1990, pp. 7–25; several articles in S.R. Rao, ed., Marine Archaeology of Indian Ocean Countries, Dona Paula, Goa, National Institute of Oceanography, 1988; and I. Kuntara Wiryamartana, 'The "Sea" in Old Javanese Literature', in V.J.H. Houben et al., eds, Looking in Odd Mirrors: the Java Sea, Leiden, University of Leiden, 1992, pp. 97–111.
6 'The Birth of the Indian Ocean', Nature, 337, February 1999, pp. 506–7.
7 Miriam Estensen, Discovery: The Quest for the Great South Land, Sydney, Allen & Unwin, 1998, pp. 1–4.
8 Sydney Morning Herald, 6 May 2000.
9 David Christian, '"Big History", Globalisation and Australia: Towards a More Inclusive Account of the Past', Proceedings of the Australian Academy of the Humanities, 2000, p. 145; P. Bellwood, 'From Bird's Head to Bird's Eye View: Long Term Structures and Trends in Indo-Pacific Prehistory', in J. Miedema, C. Ode and R.A.C. Dam, eds, Perspectives on the Bird's Head of Irian Jaya, Indonesia, Amsterdam, Rodopi, 1998.
10 Moira Tampoe, Maritime Trade between China and the West: An Archaeological Study of the Ceramics from Siraf (Persian Gulf), 8th to 15th centuries AD, Oxford, B.A.R., 1989, p. 1.
11 Jacques-Yves Cousteau, The Living Sea, New York, Nick Lyons Books, 1963, pp. 179–80.
12 Heyerdahl, Tigris, passim, and Basil Greenhill, Archaeology of the Boat: A New Introductory Survey, London, A & C Black, 1976, pp. 97–9.
13 P. David Sentance, 'The Mtepe: The Origins and Longevity of an East African Craft', Great Circle, III, 1, 1981, pp. 1–9.
14 Sir Thomas Bowrey, A Geographical Account of Countries Around the Bay of Bengal, Cambridge, Hakluyt Society, 1905, pp. 42–4.
15 Maria Graham, Journal of a Residence in India, Edinburgh, A. Constable, 1812, pp. 124, 127.
16 Roderich Ptak, ed., J.V.G. Mills trans., The Overall Survey of the Star Raft by Fei Hsin, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz, 1996, p. 57.
17 George F. Hourani, revised and expanded by John Carswell, Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Medieval Times, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 1951, 1995, p. 129.
18 Jonathan Mark Kenoyer, Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, Karachi, Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 96–8; Graham Chandler, 'Traders of the Plain' [Indus Valley], Aramco World, September–October, 1999, pp. 35–42.
19 Romila Thapar, 'Early Mediterranean Contacts with India: An Overview', in F. De Romanis and A. Tchernia, eds, Crossings, New Delhi, Manohar, 1997, p. 12.
20