The Indian Ocean - Michael Pearson [233]
9 Pierre-Yves Manguin, 'Late Mediaeval Asian Shipbuilding in the Indian Ocean: A Reappraisal', Moyen Orient & Océan Indien, II, 2, 1985, pp. 5–6; Ross Dunn, The Adventures of Ibn Battuta, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1986, pp. 110–11; Jeff Harris, 'The Dhow of Racing', Aramco World, 50, 3, May/June 1999, pp. 2–11.
10 Quoted in Manguin, 'Late Mediaeval Asian Shipbuilding', p. 6.
11 Sir John Mandeville, Mandeville's Travels, ed. M. Letts, London, Hakluyt, 1953, p. 118.
12 Ibn Battuta, The Travels of Ibn Battuta, trans. H.A.R. Gibb, Cambridge, Hakluyt, 1958–94, 4 vols, IV, 827, pp. 797.
13 Tim Severin, The Sinbad Voyage, London, Hutchinson, 1982, p. 40.
14 Sir Thomas Bowrey, A Geographical Account of Countries Around the Bay of Bengal, Cambridge, Hakluyt, 1905, pp. 104–5.
15 George F. Hourani, revised and expanded by John Carswell, Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Medieval Times, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1951, 1995, pp. 91, 100.
16 Hourani, Arab Seafaring, pp. 109–10; Harris, op. cit.; G.R. Tibbetts, Arab Navigation in the Indian Ocean before the Coming of the Portuguese, London, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1971, pp. 47–63 for a detailed and technical discussion.
17 See a very technical discussion by I.C. Campbell, 'The Lateen Sail in World History', Journal of World History, VI, 1995, pp. 1–23.
18 John R. Stilgoe, Alongshore, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1994, pp. 228–31; Severin, Sinbad, p. 132.
19 Tibbetts, Arab Navigation, pp. 59, 192–5 (the quotation from Ibn Majid is on p. 195); R.B. Serjeant, 'Yemeni Merchants and Trade in Yemen, 13th–16th Centuries', in Denys Lombard and Jean Aubin, eds, Marchands et hommes d'affairs asiatiques dans l'Océan Indien et la Mer de Chine 13e–20e siècles, Paris, Editions de l'Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales, 1988, pp. 61–82.
20 O.H.K. Spate, The Pacific since Magellan, Canberra, Australian National University Press, 1979–88, 3 vols, I, 40, pp. 242.
21 Gaspar Correia, Lendas da India, Lisbon, Typ. da Academia real das sciencias, 1858–64, 4 vols, I, p. 787.
22 Manguin, 'Late Mediaeval Asian Shipbuilding', pp. 9–12.
23 Quoted in Anne Bulley, The Bombay Country Ships, 1790–1833, London, Curzon, 2000, p. 27.
24 Duarte Barbosa, Livro, London, Hakluyt, 1918–21, 2 vols, II, p. 76.
25 Quoted in Louise Levathes, When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405–33, New York, Oxford University Press, 1994, p. 44.
26 Marco Polo, The Book of Ser Marco Polo, I, pp. 249–51.
27 Ibn Battuta, The Travels of Ibn Battuta, IV, pp. 813–4. R. Ptak, 'China and Portugal at Sea: The Early Ming System and the Estado da India Compared', in Revista de Cultura, No. 13/14, 1991, p. 24 seems dubious that Chinese ships in the fifteenth century were really over 100 metres long. See also Ma Huan, The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores, trans. J.V.G. Mills, Cambridge, Hakluyt, 1970, pp. 303–10 and for comprehensive discussions obviously Joseph Needham, Science and Civilisation in China, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1954–, especially 1962, IV, part 1, and IV, part 3, and also Gang Deng, Chinese Maritime Activities and Socioeconomic Development, c. 2100 BC–1900 AD, Westport, Greenwood Press, 1997.
28 Manguin, 'Late Mediaeval Asian Shipbuilding', and Manguin, 'The Southeast Asian Ship: An Historical Approach', Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, XI, 2, Sept. 1980, pp. 266–76. For sceptical comments see Monica L. Smith, 'The Dynamic Realm of the Indian Ocean: A Review', Asian perspectives, 36, Fall 1997, pp. 245–59.
29 Ibn Jubayr, The Travels of Ibn Jubayr, pp. 65, 69.
30 Ibn Majid quoted in Tibbetts, Arab Navigation, pp. 197–203.
31 Ibid., pp. 218–9.
32 G.R. Tibbetts, 'The Role of Charts in Islamic Navigation in the Indian Ocean', in I.B. Harley and David Woodward, eds,The History of Cartography, II, book 1, Chicago, University