The Indian Ocean - Michael Pearson [246]
19 A.T. Yarwood, Walers: Australian Horses Abroad, Melbourne, Melbourne University Press, 1989.
20 Curzon, Persia, I, p. 4.
21 Andrew Pope, 'The P&O and the Asian Specie Network, 1850–1920', Typescript, 1992, p. 1; Andrew Pope, 'Australian Gold and the Finance of India's Exports during World War I: A Case Study of Imperial Control and Coordination', Indian Economic and Social History Review, 33, 2, 1996, pp. 115–31.
22 David Mitchell, Pirates, London, Thames and Hudson, 1976, p. 11.
23 P.A.B. Thomson, 'Jean François Hodoul, Corsair of the Indian Ocean', Mariner's Mirror, 83, 1997, pp. 310–17.
24 George Windsor Earl, The Eastern Seas, or Voyages and Adventures in the Indian Archipelago in 1832–34, London, W.H. Allen & Co, 1837, pp. 38–42.
25 Quoted in Lakshmi Subramanian, 'Of Pirates and Potentates: Maritime Jurisdiction and the Construction of Piracy in the Indian Ocean', in Devleena Ghosh and Stephen Muecke, eds, UTS Review, 2000, VI, 2, 'The Indian Ocean', p. 22.
26 Charles Belgrave, The Pirate Coast, New York, Roy Publishers, 1966, p. 33.
27 Sultan Md. Al-Qasimi, The Myth of Arab Piracy in the Gulf, London, Croom Helm, 1986, p. xv.
28 Ibid., p. 226.
29 Curzon, Persia, II, p. 308.
30 Ibid., II, pp. 450–1. For these events see Patricia Risso, 'Cross-Cultural Perceptions of Piracy: Maritime Violence in the Western Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf Region during the Long Eighteenth Century', in Journal of World History, XII, 2001, pp. 293–319, and Qasimi, The Myth of Arab Piracy, passim. His conclusions have been vigorously challenged in Charles E. Davies, The Blood-Red Arab Flag: An Investigation into Qasimi Piracy, 1797–1820, Exeter, Exeter University Press, 1997.
31 W.A.R. Richardson, 'An Indian Ocean Pilgrimage in Search of an Island', Great Circle, XI, 2, 1989, pp. 32–51.
32 Rhys Richards, 'The Maritime Fur Trade: Sealers and Other Residents on St Paul and Amsterdam Islands', Great Circle, VI, 1, 1984, p. 24.
33 Butel, The Atlantic, pp. 232–4.
34 David Arnold, Science, Technology and Medicine in Colonial India, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2000, pp. 104–5; Daniel Headrick, The Tools of Empire: Technology and European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century, New York, Oxford University Press, 1981, pp. 19 et seq.
35 Frances Eden, Tigers, Durbars and Kings: Fanny Eden's Indian Journals, 1837–1838, London, Murray, 1988, p. 57.
36 Quoted in Arnold, Science, Technology and Medicine, p. 105.
37 G.L. Sulivan, Dhow Chasing in Zanzibar Waters and on the Eastern Coast of Africa: Narrative of Five Years' Experience in the Suppression of the Slave Trade, London, Sampson Low, Marston, Low & Searle, 1873, p. 133.
38 Ida Pfeiffer, A Lady's Second Journey around the World, London, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1855, 2 vols, I, p. 103.
39 K. Dharmasena, 'Colombo: Gateway and Oceanic Hub of Shipping', in Frank Broeze, ed., Brides of the Sea: Port Cities of Asia from the 16th-20th Centuries, Sydney, University of New South Wales Press, 1989, pp. 152–72.
40 Gillian Tindall, City of Gold: The Biography of Bombay, Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1992, p. 137.
41 Quoted in Freda Harcourt, 'The P&O Company: Flagships of Imperialism', in S. Palmer and G. Willians, eds, Charted and Uncharted Waters, London, National Maritime Museum in association with the Department of History, Queen Mary College, University of London, 1982, p. 6. Harcourt is the great authority on this and the following matters. See also her 'British Oceanic Mail Contracts in the Age of Steam, 1838–1914', Journal of Transport History, IX, March 1988, pp. 1–18, and 'P&O and Orient: A Cool Partnership, 1886–1914', Great Circle, XVII, 1995, pp. 73–94.
42 Pope, 'The P&O and the Asian Specie Network', pp. 3–4.
43 J. Forbes Munro, 'The "Scrubby Scotch Screw Company": British India Steam Navigation Co.'s Coastal Services in South Asia, 1862–1870', in Lewis R. Fischer, ed., From