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Laura Betzig’s sentiments on being John Kennedy’s third wife are in Matt Ridley, op. cit., p. 178. The insight that women are valued more in polygamous societies comes from Theodore C. Bergstrom, “On the Economics of Polygamy,” University of California at Santa Barbara Working Paper, 1994; and Steven Gaulin and James Boster, “Dowry as Female Competition,” American Anthropologist, Vol. 92, 1992, pp. 994-1005. The discussion on why polygamy disappeared is drawn from Eric D. Gould, Omer Moav, and Avi Simhon, “The Mystery of Monogamy,” American Economic Review, Vol. 98, No. 1, 2008; Walter Scheidel, op. cit.; and Erik Eckholm, “Boys Cast Out by Polygamists Find Help,” New York Times, September 9, 2007.

86-93 The Value of Women’s Work: Data on the price of divorce in ancient Sumer can be found in James Baker, Women’s Rights in Old Testament Times (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1992). The code of Hammurabi can be found at www.wsu.edu/~dee/MESO/CODE.HTM. The discussion of adultery in the Trobriand Islands is in Bronislaw Malinowski and Havelock Ellis, The Sexual Life of Savages in North Central Melanesia, Kessinger Publishing, 1929, p. 143. Arthur Lewis’s quote is in Arthur Lewis, The Theory of Economic Growth (London: Allen and Unwin, 1963), p. 422. The description of the pattern of how women join the workforce as countries develop is drawn from Claudia Goldin, “The U-Shaped Female Labor Force Function in Economic Development and Economic History,” NBER Working Paper, April 1994; Francine Blau, Marianne Ferber, and Anne Winkler, The Economics of Men, Women and Work, 5th edition (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006), p. 21; and Sudhin K. Mukhopadhyay, “Adapting Household Behavior to Agricultural Technology in West Bengal, India: Wage Labor, Fertility, and Child Schooling Determinants,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 43, No. 1, October 1994, pp. 91-115. The narrative of women’s march into the workplace in the United States is drawn from Betsey Stevenson, “Divorce Law and Women’s Labor Supply,” NBER Working Paper, September 2008; Claudia Goldin, “The Quiet Revolution That Transformed Women’s Employment, Education and Family,” Ely Lecture, American Economic Association Annual Meeting, January 2006; Paul Douglas and Erika Schoenberg, “Studies in the Supply Curve of Labor: The Relation in 1929 Between Average Earnings in American Cities and the Proportions Seeking Employment,” Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 45, No. 1, February 1937, pp. 45-79; Jacob Mincer, “Labor Force Participation of Married Women: A Study of Labor Supply,” in H. Gregg Lewis, ed., Aspects of Labor Economics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1962), pp. 63-97. The description of Sandra Day O’Connor’s job search is in Kamil Dada, “Supreme Court Justice Pushes Public Service,” Stanford Daily, April 22, 2008. The impact of changes in the labor force on women’s bodies is drawn from Nigel Barber, “The Slender Ideal and Eating Disorders: An Interdisciplinary ‘Telescope’ Model,” International Journal of Eating Disorders, Vol. 23, 1998, pp. 295-307; Brett Silverstein, Lauren Perdue, Barbara Peterson, Linda Vogel, and Deborah A. Fantini, “Possible Causes of the Thin Standard of Bodily Attractiveness for Women,” International Journal of Eating Disorders, Vol. 5, No. 5, 1986, pp. 907- 916; Judith L. Anderson, Charles B. Crawford, and Tracy Lindberg, “Was the Duchess of Windsor Right? A Cross-Cultural Review of the Socioecology of Ideals of Female Body Shape,” Ethology and Sociobiology, Vol. 13, 1992, pp. 197-227. The drastic changes in the expectations and achievements of American women over the last century are outlined in Claudia Goldin, Lawrence Katz, and Ilyana Kuziemko, “The Homecoming of American College Women: The Reversal of the College Gender GAP,” Working Paper, September 2005; Francine Blau and Lawrence Kahn, “Changes in the Labor Supply Behavior of Married Women 1980-2000,” NBER Working Paper, March 2005. Data on women’s educational attainment are drawn from T. D. Snyder and S. A. Dillow, Digest of Education Statistics