The Two Koreas_ A Contemporary History - Don Oberdorfer [267]
The Election of 1987.• Chun's doubts about Roh, Kim Yoon Hwan interview, Oct. 18, 1993. Kim Young Sam's age has been a source of consistent confusion. He told Blue House reporters his birth date was misregistered at his birthplace and was actually December 4 (on the lunar calendar) 1927. "Kim's Birthday," Korea Times, Jan. 24, 1996.
Kim Young Sam's mother's death, Kim interview, Apr. 14, 1995. Cholla's disadvantages, Manwoo Lee, The Odyssey of Korean Democracy (Praeger, 1990), pp. 49-5 1. Lee quote on electoral territoriality from Odyssey, p. 47.
CHAPTER 8: THE GREAT OLYMPIC COMING-OUT PARTY
The Coming of the Olympics: On Park Chung Hee's instructions, Park Seh Jik, The Seoul Olympics (London: Bellew Publishing Co., 1991), p. 5. On Korea's and Chung Ju Yung's efforts, Mark Clifford, Troubled Tiger (M. E. Sharpe, 1994), p. 289. For a full account of Chung's remarkable career, see Donald Kirk, Korean Dynasty, M. E. Sharpe, 1994. Nodong Sinmun quote, Park, Seoul Olympics, p. 8. Hwang Jang Yop on political significance, his letter to Hermann Axen (secretary of SED Central Committee), June 19, 1985, SED Archives, in German. Shevardnadze quote from "About the visits of Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze to North Korea and the Mongolian People's Republic," Jan. 28, 1986, confidential, SED Archives, in Russian and German. Maretzki quotes from his cable to Berlin, May 11, 1987, SED Archives. North Korea "cornered" quote from Parks, Seoul Olympics, p. 20.
The Bombing of KAL Flight 858.• My account is based on Kim Hyun Hui interview, Oct. 25, 1993; her memoir, The Tears of My Soul (William Morrow, 1993); a chapter in Eileen MacDonald's Shoot the Women First (Random House, 1993); and Investigation Findings: Explosion of Korean Air Flight 858, KOIS (Seoul: KOIS, Jan. 1988). Kim's "military order" quote, Kim interview, Oct. 25, 1993. The Shevardnadze quote is from Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph, p. 981.
The Rise of Nordpolitik: For Roh's interview, Don Oberdorfer and Fred Hiatt, "S. Korean President Urges End to Isolation of North," WP, July 2, 1988. On the early Nordpolitik policy-making, see Park Chul Un, "Northern Policy Makes Progress Toward Unification," KH, Mar. 13, 1991. Kim's July 1988 reaction, "Visit of an Official Military Delegation of the GDR to North Korea, Between July 19 and 13, 1988," SED Archives.
Kim Woo Choong in Hungary, from an unpublished manuscript furnished me by Daewoo in December 1994, "The Civilian Ambassador Kim Woo Choong"; Chong Bong Uk, "Ties with Budapest Result from Spadework," KH4 Jan. 29, 1988; and interviews with several former Korean officials. Data on ROK-Hungarian economic deals from a confidential source. Bazhanova report from "North Korea and SeoulMoscow Relations," in Korea and Russia Toward the 21st Century (Seoul: Sejong Institute, 1992), p. 334. On Soviet-ROK connections at the Olympics, see James F. Larson and Heung-Soo Park, Global Television and the Politics of the Seoul Olympics (Westview Press, 1993). For the booty the Russians took home, see the unpublished Daewoo manuscript, "The Civilian Ambassador Kim Woo Choong."
Washington Launches a Modest Initiative: State Department view, DOS cable, "ROK President Roh's Visit: US Policy re N. Korea," Oct. 25, 1988, secret (declassified 1995). Sigur quote, Sigur interview, Sept. 16, 1993. Clark quote, Clark interview, June 23, 1993. State cable on "staying in step," DOS cable, "ROK President Roh's Visit: US. Policy re N. Korea," Oct. 25, 1988, secret (declassified 1995).
State Department instructions, DOS cable, "Policy/Regulation Changes Regarding North Korea: Informing Seoul, Tokyo, Moscow and Beijing," Oct. 28, 1988, confidential (declassified 1995). Burkhardt meetings, Burkhardt interview, Sept. 28, 1993. See also B. C. Koh, "North Korea's Policy Toward the United States," in Foreign Relations of North Korea (Seoul: Sejong Institute, 1994), a particularly helpful account of U.S.-North