Warped Passages - Lisa Randall [244]
bound together through the strong force 78
the building blocks of the proton 151
charm 176, 272, 348
color-neutral combinations 172–3
colored 172, 234
decay 182, 183
described 173, 287
down 77, 78, 165, 172, 173, 175, 176, 177, 202, 215, 236
flavors of 176, 177–8, 273–4, 348
in generations 177
groups of 174
and GUT 234, 236
handedness 165, 168, 176
intrinsic spin 281
mass 190, 213–14, 216, 218, 219, 220, 241, 254
origin of the name 171–2
and supersymmetry 263
and photons 173
replicas 175
strange 172, 176
and the strong force 77, 78, 172, 173, 175, 177
strongly interacting 233
top 176, 180–84, 183, 263, 265, 272, 348
trapped on a brane 365
up 77, 78, 165, 172, 173, 175, 176, 177, 202, 215, 236, 272, 348
virtual antitop 252, 252, 265
virtual top 252, 252, 265
quasars 67
and the “Einstein Cross” 103
quasicrystals 4–5, 27
quaternions 104
Quinn, Helen 235
Rabi, I.I. 175
radiation
blackbody 120–22, 122, 122–3
electromagnetic 155
Hawking 380
high-frequency 120, 121, 122
low-frequency 122
wavelengths 123
radioactive dating 116
radium salts 127
Radon-222 127
Ramond, Pierre 259n, 261, 262, 286, 289
Rattazzi, Riccardo 346–7, 382
Reall, Harvey S. 432n
Rebka, Glen 101
reflective boundary condition 54
relativity 5, 65, 81–2, 85, 88, 113, 114
renormalization group 224, 228–9, 270
rescaling 400, 417n, 430
Riemann, Georg Friedrich 106
Rohm, Ryan 291, 330
rolled-up dimensions 31–49, 52, 224, 292–4, 298, 300, 317, 318, 332, 333, 352–7, 357, 359, 364–5, 370–71, 408
RS1 385–417
and hierarchy solved 394–7, 402–4, 406, 458
and “Warped Athena” 414–17
RS2 418–432
and model name 427–8
and reception 435–6
compared to locally localized gravity (KR) 443
Rubbia, Carlo 186
Rutgers University 310
Rutherford, Ernest 126, 127, 162–3, 173, 287
Salam, Abdus 163, 169, 217
satellites 85, 123
Scherk, Joel 262, 286, 287, 289
Schmaltz, Martin 347, 348
Schrödinger, Erwin 116, 131, 132
Schwartz, Matthew 406–7
Schwarz, John 261, 262, 286, 287, 289–92
Schwarzschild, Karl 67, 113
Schwinger, Julian 156–7
scientific methodologies
“bottom-up” approach 67
“top-down” approach 67
Seiberg, Nathan 454
Seiberg, Nati 310
selectrons 263, 266, 273, 274
Sen, Ashoke 310
sequestered flavor-symmetry breaking 348–350
sequestered supersymmetry breaking 338, 343–40
sequestering 335, 339–43, 349
sfermions 263
Shenker, Steve 452–3
Shifman, Misha 435
Shinkai, Jisa-aki 432n
Shiromizu, Tetsuya 432n
simultaneity 94
singularity 282
sinkhole (four-dimensional gravity) 444
Skiba, Witek 92
SLAC see Standard Linear Accelerator Center
sleptons 263, 269
slicing 21, 22–3, 22, 28, 51–2
small-scale information, disregarding 28–30
smuons 273, 274
sneutrinos 263
sound waves 100
South Pole 105
space
boundary conditions 49
five-dimensional 414n, 420, 442
flat 111–12, 407, 430n
higher-dimensional 387
lower-dimensional 371
and special relativity theory 90, 91, 92
warped, and gravity 6, 17
spacetime
curved, warped 103, 107–12, 114, 280, 329, 330, 332–3, 386, 389–92, 397, 398–9, 409, 412, 419, 432, 441; growing and shrinking in a warped dimension 397–402
curved with flat slices 390, 391, 391
five-dimensional 387, 388, 388, 390, 392, 395, 407, 421, 441, 442
flat 391, 392, 479n35
four-dimensional 17, 107, 108, 110, 335
geodesics 108–9, 111
geometry of 110, 111, 112, 309
and gravity 111
infinite warped 420, 420, 424
negative curvature 389
positive curvature 390
and relativity 114
special relativity 88–95
and antiparticles 159
and general relativity 94, 109
inertial reference frames 95
Maxwell and 155
and quantum field theory 94, 207
relates energy and mass through E= mc2 114, 220
space 90, 91, 92
and symmetry 198–9
time 90, 91, 92
spectral lines 126, 129, 130
spectrum, blackbody 122, 122, 123
speed of light 86, 159
constant 92, 114, 144
finite 90, 154, 438–9
and inertial frames 91
and massless objects 43n
photons 146
and special relativity 170n
spheres 18–19, 19, 105, 109–10, 110
spin 146, 258, 260
spontaneous symmetry breaking 204, 205–7, 208, 211, 212,