Warped Passages - Lisa Randall [245]
see also Higgs mechanism
squarks 263, 269
and sequestering 345
and the Higgs mass 263, 265
Standard Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), Palo Alto, California 187, 188, 235, 241, 287
Standard Model of particle physics 10, 65, 71, 78–80, 148, 150–78, 187, 90, 211, 242, 249, 290, 291, 341, 363
advancing beyond 5, 52, 70, 71–2, 81–82, 177–78, 186, 187, 258, 341, 360, 382, 457
defined 78
and experimental tests of 5, 179–89
and GUT 234, 236, 237
heavy particles 79, 79, 80
and the hierarchy problem 241, 243, 254, 368, 386
and the Hoøava-Witten brane-world 332
the known fundamental particles 174–78
leptons and quarks in 290
parity violation 165
Standard Model particles confined to a brane 5, 81–2, 149, 151–2, 179–89, 201, 258, 261–70, 271, 272, 273, 275–6, 291, 327, 328, 297, 300, 322, 330–31, 332, 343–4, 348, 360, 364–5, 366, 375, 383, 388, 388, 393, 420, 422
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) 174, 363, 382
Star Trek 159
stars 102, 122, 162, 279
statistical mechanics 116
Stoney, George 10
stop squarks 263, 265
Stoppard, Tom: Hapgood 159, 160
string balls 380
string coupling 311, 314, 315–16, 320, 331
string theory 5–6, 65, 68, 238, 277–302, 447
and anomalies 290–91
and branes/brane-worlds 6, 51, 57, 58–9, 61, 83, 304, 306, 322, 323
difficulty in testing 69, 74, 296–302
distinguished by its heavier particles 285
duality in 310, 330, 449
earlier version with twenty-six dimensions 289
fermionic 261, 262
and general relativity 68, 278
and the graviton 281, 287, 288
of gravity 5, 33, 69, 287, 288
of hadrons 285–8
IIA theory 313
and model building 68, 71–4, 82–3
and nature 68
new low-mass particles 298
origins 285–8
and particles 5–6, 68, 69, 75
and Planck scale energy 145
and extra dimensions 16, 33, 69–70, 74
principles and equations 67–8
and quantum mechanics 5, 33, 68
and the Standard Model 297, 300, 322
and supersymmetry 260
and tachyons 286, 287, 289
ten-dimensional 292, 313
“Theory of Everything” 293, 297
strings
closed 283, 284–5, 284, 306, 327, 451
defined 283
five-dimensional 411
the fundamental objects of the world 283, 302
heterotic 291–2, 296–7, 330, 331
new heavy string particles 298
open 283, 284, 284, 306, 320, 323, 325, 327
oscillation 284–5, 284, 293, 294, 295, 309, 330
softer high-energy collisions 288
strongly interacting 311, 313
tension 294–5, 311
TeV-mass 407
weakly interacting 311, 313, 315
zero-length 478n33
Strings ’95 conference, University of Southern California 313, 316
Strings 2002 conference 261
Strominger, Andy 293, 298, 309–10, 435
strong force 78, 156, 161, 168, 171, 172, 174, 175, 177, 196, 475n16
binding of the nucleus 366
and gluons 200, 232
and GUT 233
internal symmetries 197
strength as a function of distance/energy 233, 235, 270, 272
and supersymmetry 262
and symmetry 201
structure 75–6
substructure 76, 77
Sun 101, 111, 162–3, 308, 367, 376
Sundrum, Raman 6, 237, 329, 332, 337–9, 342, 345, 346, 347, 386, 389, 390, 395, 402, 419–22, 428, 429, 431, 437, 440, 441, 449
Supercollider (SSC) 257
superconductors 147
superfluids 147
supergravity theory 260, 262
eleven-dimensional 304, 313–20, 331, 452
supernovae 162, 299, 376
superpartners 258, 263–70, 264, 273–6, 344, 345, 457
masses 344, 345, 346, 370
superspace 261–2
superstring theory
birth of 262, 286
and branes 304
candidate for the real world 260, 286–7
dual to eleven-dimensional
supergravity at low energies 313–20, 331
five apparently distinct theories 316
second superstring revolution (1995) 308
superstring revolution (1984) 278, 288–93
and supersymmetry 258–260
ten-dimensional 289, 291, 292, 304, 313–20, 331
see also M-theory
supersymmetric models 237
supersymmetry 149, 254, 256–76, 382, 383, 435
bosonic and fermionic superpartners 257–60, 261–70, 264, 273–6
broken 178, 266–7, 271–5, 276, 340, 343–4, 349
and Calabi-Yau manifolds 293
in an extra-dimensional context 335
flavor problem 272–5, 276
and the hierarchy problem 264–6, 270, 275–6, 336
present in fermionic string theory 262
and sequestering 343–8
and