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Washington Rules_ America's Path to Permanent War - Andrew J. Bacevich [106]

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and Consolidation of Nuclear Forces, 1945–1955 (Westport, Connecticut, 1996); Thomas M. Coffey, Iron Eagle: The Turbulent Life of General Curtis LeMay (New York, 1986); and Curtis LeMay, Mission with LeMay: My Story (Garden City, New York, 1965).

32. LeMay, Mission with LeMay, pp. 494–495.

33. Tami Davis Biddle, “Shield and Sword: U.S. Strategic Forces and Doctrine Since 1945,” in The Long War: A New History of U.S. National Security Policies Since World War II, ed. Andrew J. Bacevich (New York, 2007), p. 142; Borgiasz, Strategic Air Command, p. 12.

34. Coffey, Iron Eagle, p. 255.

35. Steven L. Rearden, “U.S. Strategic Bombardment Doctrine Since 1945,” in Case Studies in Strategic Bombardment, ed. R. Cargill Hall (Washington, D.C., 1998), p. 403.

36. LeMay, Mission with LeMay, p. 454.

37. LeMay, Mission with LeMay, p. 436. Italics in the original.

38. Francis V. Drake, “On Guard!,” Reader’s Digest, August 1953, pp. 11–12.

39. George Barrett, “On Patrol with ‘The Weapon,’ ” New York Times Magazine, April 6, 1958, p. SM16.

40. Richard S. Meryman, Jr., “The Guardians,” Harper’s, October 1955, pp. 38–39.

41. “The Man the Kremlin Fears the Most?,” U.S. News & World Report, May 2, 1958, p. 62.

42. “Here Comes LeMay,” Time, April 15, 1957, p. 33.

43. Ernest Havemann, “Toughest Cop in the Western World,” Life, June 14, 1954, pp. 145, 147.

44. “Second Best in Air Is Not Good Enough,” Life, May 14, 1956, pp. 53–56.

45. LeMay, Mission with LeMay, p. 381.

46. David Alan Rosenberg, “The Origins of Overkill: Nuclear Weapons and American Strategy, 1945–1960,” International Security 7 (Spring 1983): 50, 55, 58.

47. Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams (New York, 1983), p. 1027.

48. LeMay, Mission with LeMay, p. 380.

49. “U.S. Cold War Overflights,” http://www.rb-29.net/HTML/77ColdWarStory/09.01apndxD.htm.

50. Richard H. Kohn and Joseph P. Harahan, eds., Strategic Air Warfare (Washington, D.C., 1988), p. 109.

51. LeMay, Mission with LeMay, p. 481.

52. Theodore Shackley, The Third Option: An American View of Counterinsurgency Operations (New York, 1981), p. 13.

2. ILLUSIONS OF FLEXIBILITY AND CONTROL


1. Maxwell D. Taylor, Swords and Plowshares (New York, 1972), p. 170.

2. Maxwell D. Taylor, The Uncertain Trumpet (New York, 1960), pp. xi, 4, 5, 6, 146.

3. “Excerpts of a Speech by Senator John F. Kennedy,” American Legion Convention, Miami, Florida, October 18, 1960, http://www.jfklink.com/speeches/jfk/oct60/jfk181060_miami03.html.

4. “Speech by Senator John F. Kennedy,” VFW Convention, Detroit, Michigan, August 26, 1960, http://www.jfklink.com/speeches/jfk/aug60/jfk260860_vfwadvance.html.

5. Lawrence S. Kaplan, Ronald D. Landa, and Edward J. Drea, The McNamara Ascendancy, 1961–1965 (Washington, D.C., 2006), p. 69.

6. Russell F. Weigley, History of the United States Army (New York, 1967), pp. 538, 543–544, 561, 569.

7. “Who Fights Brush-Fire Wars?,” Life, January 13, 1961, p. 43.

8. Taylor, Uncertain Trumpet, p. 108.

9. Robert S. McNamara, In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam (New York, 1995), p. 25.

10. Robert J. Watson, Into the Missile Age, 1956–1960 (Washington, D.C., 1997), pp. 473–495.

11. McNamara, In Retrospect, pp. 6, 22.

12. Quoted in The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara, a 2003 film by Errol Morris, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0317910/.

13. LeMay, Mission with LeMay, p. 8. Emphasis in the original.

14. Deborah Shapley, Promise and Power: The Life and Times of Robert McNamara (Boston, 1993), pp. 106–107.

15. Ernest R. May and Philip D. Zelikow, eds., The Kennedy Tapes: Inside the White House During the Cuban Missile Crisis (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1997), p. 32.

16. “Herman Kahn’s Escalation Ladder,” http://www.texaschapbookpress.com/magellanslog41/escalation.htm.

17. Kaplan et al., The McNamara Ascendancy, p. 322.

18. Shapley, Promise and Power, pp. 194–195.

19. David MacIsaac, “Strategy: Nuclear Warfare Strategy and War Plans,” in The Oxford Companion to American Military History (New York, 1999), p. 694.

20. For a recent account of the

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