Whirlwind - Barrett Tillman [144]
233 “Clear cut”: 509th Composite Group. http://www.enolagay509th.com/groves.htm, accessed September 3, 2009.
234 “This is the greatest thing”: USS Augusta Web site, http://www.internet-esq.com/ussaugusta/truman/index.htm.
234 General Groves did not: Conant, 109 East Palace, 234.
234 “a violent, large”: “Magic” intelligence intercept, August 7, 1945, http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB162/61.pdf.
235 “The hell with it”: Sweeney, War’s End, 211.
235 “I’ve got it!”: Ibid., 217.
236 In bombing terms: Apparently confusion as to Fat Man’s miss distance (stated to be as much as two miles) was due to ground zero in relation to the briefed aim point versus the actual aim point. The field order specified the Mitsubishi works on the east bank of the Urakami River. But the 509th’s planning summary cited a point east of the harbor in an area more likely affected by the blast.
236 “a superbrilliant white”: Sweeney, War’s End, 219.
237 “The dropping of pamphlets”: Assistant Chief of Air Staff–Intelligence, HQ AAF, Mission Accomplished: Interrogations of Japanese Industrial, Military, and Civil Leaders, Washington, DC, 1946, 27. Also see Harry S. Truman Library, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/truman/psources/ps_leaflets.html.
237 Even before Okinawa was secured: Craven and Cate, The Army Air Forces in World War II, Vol. 5: The Pacific, 691.
238 “appearing like magic”: Lieutenant General George Kenney, in Ibid., 692.
239 “quickly turned”: Craven and Cate, The Army Air Forces in World War II, Vol. 5: The Pacific, 696.
239 “The enemy could decide”: Ibid., 700.
240 “one of the most”: Maj. Gen. Frank Armstrong, unpublished ms., Wake the Sleeping Giant. East Carolina Manuscript Collection, J. Y. Joyner Library, Greenville, NC.
240 “This performance”: Ibid.
240 “This target destroyed”: Ibid.
241 By the time replacement bombers: Osamu Tagaya, Mitsubishi Type 1 Rikko “Betty” Units of WW 2 (London: Osprey, 2001), 97; Gordon Rottman, Akira Takizawa, et al., Japanese Paratroop Forces of World War 2 (London: Osprey, 2005).
241 “rain of ruin”: Harry S. Truman Library and Museum, http://www.trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/index.php?pid=100&st=atomic&st1=bomb.
242 “Rumors and reports”: Dick DeMott diary, 14 August 1945.
242 “As we returned”: Armstrong manuscript.
243 “All Strike Able”: Richard L. Newhafer, “I’ll Remember,” Naval Aviation News, December 1976.
243 “On our way”: DeMott diary, August 15, 1945.
244 “all the hope”: Newhafer, “I’ll Remember.”
245 The Seafires had scored: David Brown, The Seafire (U.K.: Ian Allan, 1972), 127–28, http://www.jaircraft.org/smf/index.php?topic=4522.msg32615#msg32615.
246 “it being far”: John Toland, The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936–1945 (New York: Random House, 1970), 1038.
246 “The Japs will never”: Barrett Tillman, Alpha-Bravo-Delta Guide to the U.S. Air Force (New York: Penguin, 2003), 135.
247 “display of air power”: Craven and Cate, The Army Air Forces in World War II, Vol. 5: The Pacific, 733–34.
248 “While Japan did agree”: Henry Sakaida, Imperial Japanese Navy Aces (London: Osprey, 1998), 80.
248 “We were greeted”: Report by Lieutenant Colonel Clay Tice to 5th Air Force Headquarters, August 26, 1945; Tice interview with author c. 1985.
249 “I started off”: http://www.aerofiles.com/tice.html.
250 “a full throttle”: Vice Admiral Malcolm W. Cagle, USN (Ret), correspondence, 1977.
250 In three weeks following August 27: Craven and Cate, The Army Air Forces in World War II, Vol. 5: The Pacific, 734–35.
251 “Now with the advent of peace”: Jefferson J. DeBlanc, The Guadalcanal Air War (Gretna, LA: Pelican, 2008), 168. After the war DeBlanc received the Medal of Honor for a mission in 1943. A Ph.D. educator, he died in 2007, age eighty-six.
CHAPTER NINE: LEGACY
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252 The bombing of Japan: For conflicting perspectives on bombing Japan: see Merle Miller, Plain Speaking: An Oral Biography of Harry S. Truman (New York: Berkley, 1974); and Fred Halstead, “Hiroshima 1945: Behind the Atom Bomb Atrocity,” The Militant, August 14, 1995.
253 “There