World on Fire - Brownstein, Michael [168]
Return to text.
22. Hazel M. McFerson, “Ethnicity, Individual Initiative, and Economic Growth in an African Plural Society: The Bamiléké of Cameroon,” in U.S. AID Evaluation Special Study No. 15 (1983), and Etienne Tasse, “Cameroon Politics: It Just Takes a Spark to Ignite Ethnic Fires,” Inter Press Service, July 11, 1995.
Return to text.
23. See Karl Vick, “A New View of Kenya’s ‘Asians,’” Washington Post, March 15, 2000, p. A21, and Simon Baynham, “Racial fears flare in Kenya,” Jane’s Intelligence Review, February 1, 1997, p. 11.
Return to text.
24. See Vick, “A New View of Kenya’s ‘Asians,’” p. A21, and Baynham, “Racial fears flare in Kenya,” p. 11.
Return to text.
25. See, for example, Michael Cowan and Scott MacWilliam, Indigenous Capital in Kenya (Helsinki: Institute of Development Studies, University of Helsinki, 1996).
Return to text.
26. The “Goldenberg case” is discussed in “Kenya’s Man in the Middle,” Business in Africa, June 18, 2001. On the history and economic success of Indians in East Africa, see J. S. Mangat, A History of the Asians in East Africa (London: Oxford University Press, 1969), and Thomas Sowell, Migrations and Cultures: A World View (New York: Basic Books, 1996), chapter 7.
Return to text.
27. See Keith B. Richburg, “Tanzanian Reforms Opening Up Socialist, One-Party System,” Washington Post, March 24, 1992, p. A14, and Scott Straus, “In Zambia, Race Hatred Simmers,” Baltimore Sun, January 26, 1996, p. A2.
Return to text.
28. Moyiga Nduru, “Behind the Scenes of a Democratic Election,” available at http://www.oneworld.org/index_oc/news/kenya231297.html. On the 1982 riots, see Alan Cowell, “A Fearful Reminder Lingers for Asians in Kenya,” New York Times, September 1, 1982, p. A2.
Return to text.
29. See James Traub, “The Worst Place on Earth,” The New York Review of Books, June 29, 2000, pp. 61–66, and “The Darkest Corner of Africa,” The Economist, January 9, 1999, p. 41.
Return to text.
30. Neil O. Leighton, “Lebanese Emigration: Its Effect on the Political Economy of Sierra Leone,” in Albert Hourani and Nadim Shehadi, eds., The Lebanese in the World: A Century of Emigration (London: Centre for Lebanese Studies, 1992), pp. 579–601, especially pp. 582–84.
Return to text.
31. Ibid., pp. 584–97, and H. L. van der Laan, The Lebanese Traders in Sierra Leone (The Hague: Mouton & Co., 1975), chapter 9.
Return to text.
32. Graham Greene, The Heart of the Matter (New York: Penguin Books, 1948), p. 6.
Return to text.
33. See “The Inner Circle of the Taylor Regime,” January 1, 2001, available at http://www.theperspective.org/innercircle.html.
Return to text.
34. The statistics on population and ethnic demographics cited throughout the chapter are from Africa South of the Sahara (29th ed.) (London: Europa Publications, 1999). Most of the statistics relating to poverty, illiteracy, and other measures of development are from United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 2001 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001).
Return to text.
Part Two Preface
1. John Lewis Gaddis, “Democracy and Foreign Policy,” p. 8 (Transcript of Devane Lecture, delivered at Yale University on April 17, 2001, available at http://www.yale.edu/yale300/democracy. See also Thomas Carothers, Aiding Democracy Abroad (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace), pp. 40–44.
Return to text.
Chapter 5
1. See Catherine Buckle, African Tears: The Zimbabwe Land Invasions (Johannesburg and London: Covos Day Books, 2001), pp. 31, 50–55, 72, 74, and Adam Roberts, “The great manipulator,” Times Literary Supplement, March 8, 2002, p. 7.
Return to text.
2. See Buckle, African Tears, p. 32; Roberts, “The great