World on Fire - Brownstein, Michael [170]
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22. Fyodor Dostoyevsky, “The Jewish Question,” Kenneth Lantz, trans., A Writer’s Diary (March 1877) (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1997), pp. 905–6.
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23. My accounts of rising political anti-Semitism in Russia are based on the following sources: National Conference on Soviet Jewry, Anti-Defamation League, “The Reemergence of Political Anti-Semitism in Russia: A Call for Action” (presented to Secretary of State Madeline Albright on January 21, 1999), pp. 1–4, available at http://www.adl.org/international/russian_political_antisemitism.html; Michael R. Gordon, “Russian Jews Turning Edgy as the Country’s Chaos Creates an Ugly Mood,” New York Times, March 9, 1999, p. A12; and Paul Goble, “Russia: Analysis From Washington—Another Outburst of Anti-Semitism,” available at http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/1998/12/F.RU.981216135725.html. On anti-Semitic demagoguery in Krasnodar, see Celestine Bohlen, “Where Russians Are Hurting, Racism Takes Root,” New York Times, November 15, 1998, p. A3.
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24. See Igor Semenenko, “Top Official: Invalidate Unfair Sell-Off Deals,” Moscow Times, March 10, 1999, and “TV analyses developing parliamentary election race in Russia,” BBC Summary of World Broadcasts, January 19, 1999.
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25. See Vladimir Todres and Eduard Gismatullin, “Russia Shuts Down Last Nationwide Private TV Channel,” Bloomberg News, January 22, 2002; “Blank Screens,” The Economist, January 26, 2002; and “Democracy is Step One, Mr. Putin,” Los Angeles Times, April 19, 2001, p. B10.
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26. Judith Matloff, “Russians seek scapegoats in hard times,” Christian Science Monitor, August 13, 1999, p. 9.
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27. Nabi Abdullaev, “New Political Party Campaigns against Jews,” Moscow Times, February 28, 2002.
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28. Larry Rohter, “A Combative Leader Shapes Venezuela to a Leftist Vision,” New York Times, July 28, 2000, pp. A1, A8. For a historical synopsis of the often symbiotic relationship between Venezuela’s roughly 20 percent white elite and the country’s military, see Heinz R. Sonntag, “Crisis and regression: Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela,” in Manuel Antonio Garretón M. and Edward Newman, eds., Democracy in Latin America (Tokyo, New York, and Paris: United Nations University Press, 2001), chapter 6.
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29. See Rohter, “A Combative Leader Shapes Venezuela to a Leftist Vision,” pp. A1, A8; and “Back to the soil,” The Economist, April 28, 2001.
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30. Linda Diebel, “Seattle Fallout Drifts South,” Toronto Star, December 26, 1999; Bart Jones, “Venezuelans Overwhelmingly Approve New Constitution,” Associated Press, December 16, 1999; Rohter, “A Combative Leader Shapes Venezuela to a Leftist Vision,” pp. A1, A8; and “Venezuelan president replaces profit with food in the ‘peaceful revolution,’” Irish Times, October 12, 1999, p. 10.
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31. Fabiola Sanchez, “Venezuela central bank director says no nationalization despite presidential threats,” Associated Press, December 18, 2001, and “Chavez Seeks to Tax Financial Transactions,” LatinFinance, February 1, 2002, p. 6.
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32. See David Adams, “Twelve killed in Venezuelan street protests,” The Times (London), April 12, 2002. On the disastrous economic effects of Chavez’s policies, see “Consolidating Power in Venezuela,” New York Times, August 2, 2000, p. A24.
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33. See Andy Webb-Vidal, “Strengthened Caracas leader strikes a more moderate tone,” Financial Times, April 15, 2002, p. 7, and Ginger Thompson, “Behind the Upheaval in Venezuela,” New York Times, April 18, 2002, p. A8.
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Chapter 6
1. James Traub, “The Worst Place on Earth,” The New York Review of Books, June 29, 2000, pp. 61–66; Colin Muncie, “On a mission to hell and back,” Medical Post, August 25, 1998, p. 19; and Alex Duval Smith, “This is a nation of husbands who have seen their wives executed and their children’s hands chopped off,”