World on Fire - Brownstein, Michael [171]
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2. See William Reno, Corruption and State Politics in Sierra Leone (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 72–73, and H. L. van der Laan, The Lebanese Traders in Sierra Leone (The Hague: Mouton & Co., 1975), pp. 9, 58–62, 280–81.
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3. Reno, Corruption and State Politics in Sierra Leone, pp. 4, 87, 110–11, 118–20.
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4. David Fashole Luke, “The Politics of Economic Decline in Sierra Leone,” Journal of Modern African Studies 27 (1989): 133–41, p. 137, and “Waxing fat on a diet of shrimps, diamonds—and good connections,” South, December 1982, p. 60.
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5. Reno, Corruption and State Politics in Sierra Leone, pp. 155–60, 172–74; Traub, “The Worst Place on Earth,” p. 61; and “Waxing fat on a diet of shrimps, diamonds—and good connections,” p. 60.
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6. Traub, “The Worst Place on Earth,” p. 61.
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7. See Kathryn Ellis, “Diamonds Are Fundamental to Sierra Leone Conflict, U.S. Editor Says,” State Department Information Programs, available at http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/af/security/a1062501.htm. On the Lebanese exodus, see “Fuel Crisis New Worry to War-Weary Sierra Leone,” January 27, 1999, available at http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/africa/9901/27/sierra.leone.01.
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8. Michael R. J. Vatikiotis, Indonesian Politics under Suharto (3d ed.) (London and New York: Routledge, 1993), pp. 14–15, 32–59, 105–6, 126–30; Leo Suryadinata, “Indonesian Politics toward the Chinese Minority under the New Order,” Asian Survey 16 (1976): 770–87; and R. William Liddle, “Coercion, Co-optation, and the Management of Ethnic Relations in Indonesia,” pp. 273–319, in Michael F. Brown and Sumit Ganguly, eds., Government Policies and Ethnic Relations in Asia and the Pacific (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1997), p. 318.
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9. Vatikiotis, Indonesian Politics under Suharto, pp. 15, 51. The estimates of the Suharto family’s wealth are from George J. Aditjondro, “Suharto & Sons (and Daughters, In-Laws, and Cronies),” Washington Post, January 25, 1998, p. C1.
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10. William Ascher, Why Governments Waste Natural Resources (Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999), pp. 75–76.
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11. Vatikiotis, Indonesian Politics under Suharto, p. 151, and Salil Tripathi, “Children of a Lesser God,” Far Eastern Economic Review, June 4, 1998, p. 66.
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12. Vatikiotis, Indonesian Politics under Suharto, pp. 156–61, 227.
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13. Raymond Bonner, Waltzing with a Dictator (New York: Times Books, 1987), p. 162.
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14. For discussions of pre-Marcos anti-market backlashes against the Chinese in the Philippines, see Frank H. Golay, Ralph Anspach, M. Ruth Pfanner & Eliezer B. Ayal, Underdevelopment and Economic Nationalism in Southeast Asia (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1969), chapter 2, and Edgar Wickberg, “Anti-Sinicism and Chinese Identity Options in the Philippines,” pp. 152–83, in Daniel Chirot and Anthony Reid, eds., Essential Outsiders: Chinese and Jews in the Modern Transformation of Southeast Asia and Central Europe (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1997), pp. 168–74.
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15. See Sterling Seagrave, The Marcos Dynasty (New York: Harper & Row, 1988), pp. 22–27.
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16. See Bonner, Waltzing with a Dictator, pp. 112–27, especially p. 125.
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17. Ibid., pp. 256–63.
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18. Ibid., pp. 127, 161.
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19. Ibid., pp. 161–62, 247–48. On Imelda’s courting of Kissinger, and its results, see Ibid., p. 155. As for Imelda’s being dumped by Ninoy Aquino, see Ibid., pp. 21–22.
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20. Ibid., pp. 388–89; Seagrave, The Marcos Dynasty, pp. 234–35.
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21. See “Was Marcos Misunderstood?” BusinessWeek Online, October 11, 1999, available at http://www.businessweek.com/1999/99_41/b3650091.htm. For testimony regarding Marcos’s demand for 60 percent of a Chinese company’s equity, see Jovito R. Salonga,